Patients put a drop of blood on one side of the slip of paper, and on the other appears a colorful pattern in the shape of a tree, which tells medical professionals whether the person is infected with certain diseases.
[...]
Patients simply can take photos of the chips with cell phones and then send them to larger cities for diagnosis. And Whitesides said his group is also working with a cell phone maker to develop apps that would tell patients the results of their tests automatically if doctors aren’t available.

http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/02/25/whitesides.chip/index.html

http://www.ted.com/talks/view/id/760